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A mechanical amplifier, or a mechanical amplifying element, is a linkage mechanism that amplifies the magnitude of mechanical quantities〔B.C. Nakra and K.K. Chaudhry, (1985), Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing, ISBN 0-07-048296-9, page 153.〕 such as force, displacement, velocity, acceleration and torque in linear and rotational systems. In some applications, mechanical amplification induced by nature or unintentional oversights in man-made designs can be disastrous. When employed appropriately, it can help to magnify small mechanical signals for practical applications. However, conservation of energy still holds and any claims otherwise (over unity) do not constitute part of mainstream science. No additional energy can be created from any given mechanical amplifier. Therefore, a distinction exist between the scientific definition of a "mechanical amplifier" and the same term loosely used by proponents of over unity,〔Veljko Milkovic (2011) OSCILLATIONS MORE EFFICIENT THAN ROTATION ENERGETIC SUPERIORITY OF A PENDULUM VERSUS A WHEEL IN STATIONARY MACHINES, URL: http://www.veljkomilkovic.com/Docs/Veljko_Milkovic_Oscillations_More_Efficient_Than_Rotation.pdf〕 due to either a lack of understanding of the working mechanism by the claimants or simply a hoax.〔Michio Kaku (2009) Physics of the Impossible: A scientific exploration of the world of phasers, force fields, teleportation and time travel, Penguin UK, Chapter 14: Perpetual motion machines.〕 == Generic mechanical amplifiers == Amplifiers, in the most generic definition, are intermediate elements that increase the magnitude of a signal.〔B.C. Nakra and K.K. Chaudhry, (1985), Instrumentation, Measurement and Analysis, Tata McGraw-Hill Publishing, ISBN 0-07-048296-9.〕 These generally include, but are not limited to, mechanical amplifiers, electrical/electronic amplifiers, hydraulic/fluidic amplifiers, pneumatic amplifiers, optical amplifiers and quantum amplifiers. The purpose of employing a mechanical amplifier is generally to magnify the mechanical signal fed into a given transducer such as gear trains in generators or to enhance the mechanical signal output from a given transducer such as diaphragm in speakers and gramophones. Electrical amplifiers increase the power of the signal with energy supplied from an external source. This is generally not the case with most devices described as mechanical amplifiers; all the energy is provided by the original signal and there is no power amplification. For instance a lever can amplify the displacement of a signal, but the force is proportionately reduced. Such devices are more correctly described as transformers, at least in the context of mechanical-electrical analogies.〔Sergeĭ Vladimirovich Serensen, Mikhail Ėrnestovich Garf, Vasiliĭ Aleksandrovich Kuzʹmenko, ''The Dynamics of a Fatigue Testing Machine'', (148 ), Israel Program for Scientific Translations, 1970〕〔Leo Leroy Beranek, Tim Mellow, ''Acoustics: Sound Fields and Transducers'', (76 ), Academic Press, 2012 ISBN 0123914213.〕 Transducers are devices that convert energy from one form to another, such as mechanical-to-electrical or vice versa; and mechanical amplifiers are employed to improve the efficiency of this energy conversion from mechanical sources. Mechanical amplifiers can be broadly classified as resonating/oscillating amplifiers (such as diaphragms) or non-resonating/oscillating amplifiers (such as gear trains). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mechanical amplifier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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